This is a fascination one to think through, as much because I think that it shows up some common mistakes of Western evangelicalism [and maybe beyond the west?]. "You may say, 'Well, I'm not doing any of the meditation stuff. I'm just following the exercises.' It is impossible, however, to separate the subtleties of yoga, the technique from yoga the religion. I know because I taught and practised hatha yoga for years,' Laurette Willis."
First mistake: a convert out of something is authoritative.
Second mistake: the world-view context something was discovered and developed in is its true explanation and reality.
Third mistake: damn by association.
Let's take them one by one.
First mistake. The Authority of the convert. Because evangelicalism is big on conversion, we tend to love conversion stories and the narrative forms of conversion stories deserve some further analysis in themselves. However, there is a formula that tends to be privileged and conversion stories are tweaked and spun to fit the formula, normally. The formula is: before -bad stuff; encounter with Christ mediated by whatever; after -good stuff. The encounter has to include proper repentance and inviting Christ into your heart as Lord and Saviour.
This narrative framework automatically disses the pre-Christian context and outlooks ["All I once thought gain I now count as loss"]. And the drama of the story pushes the assessment of the 'before' into darker and more godless descriptions and 'lowlighting' as much as possible that was ungodly.
So a convert who has a particular background who narrates their story of conversion ion relation to leaving behind something like yoga is given the authority to pronounce the true viewpoint on that left-behind thing. The problem with this is partly explained in the second mistake but we should also be aware that because of the narrative dynamic, the convert may not yet have been able to process the way that something may have positively been used of God or how the spiritual search of other people need not be so negatively tied up with a particular practice or philosophy as perhaps theirs was. This gives rise to the kind of things that mission partners often wrestle with: the tension between wanting to find meeting points and ways to see Christ fulfilling religious searches and on the other hand the desire of some converts to put as much distance between themselves and what they were into before. It's as much about psycho-spiritual development and culture as about the truth of God's presence in something or not.
Second mistake -developmental context determines true understanding. This is actually a kind of etymolological or genetic fallacy. That is that 'the origin of a belief, claim, or theory is confused with its justification'. The etymological version is that the present meaning of a word is actually and truly the original meaning, so 'nice' would mean 'silly' or you could go further back .... What this means is that something that may not be in itself evil or ungodly is regarded as such because the context it is found in and the explanations therefore that are given for it may be alien to Christian discourse hitherto. Ie. because yoga is used by Hindus and has a place within certain Hindu beliefs and practices, this is the true meaning of yoga and therefore cannot be something that Christians can take up. Actually this is absurd: I don't think it would be right to give up eating wheat because its cultivation and selective breeding was carried out originally by pagans who saw it as a gift of the gods and goddesses and used it in their fertility ceremonies dedicated to these god/esse/s. We can detach their explanation and understanding of the matter from the reality and understand it within our own frameworks of understanding. We are not committed necessarily to someone else's explanation of somethig just because they are the first to offer the explanation or to incorporate something within their religious or philosophical system. I wrote something else about this in relation to acupuncture a little while back.
Third mistake Damn by association. In many ways this is another facet of the second mistake except that it is applied into the present rather than the origins of something. The twist here is that it is often a hotbed of magical or occultic style thinking -perversely! Something is avoided because it may be used by occultic practitioners or people of other faiths and the reason may be given that it is possibly going to open oneself up to demonic influence. This actually sound more like the 8-year olds' games about who has the 'lurgy' having touched whichever other child is currently being picked on for teasing or hostility because they are supposedly smell, have fleas, nits or something even less tangible. It sounds like a version of believing disease is spread by bad humours in the air.
Of course I see no difficulty with producing a version of yoga which is explicitly linked to prayer and Christian spiritual growth, However, using the 'ordinary' yoga for exercise is hardly a problem if it is outside of being passed on as a spiritual practice in Hinduism -and even then, a Christian who is strong in Christ arguably has nothing to fear. The one who is in us is greater than the one who is in the world, I think. Much else is Christian 'superstitiousness'.
Yoga :: Seeking a 'Christian alternative' to yoga: [:newagery::evangelicalism:spirituality:]
Nous like scouse or French -oui? We wee whee all the way ... to mind us a bunch of thunks. Too much information? How could that be?
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4 comments:
Spot on observations on the evangelical fallacies that mothball the faithful from engaging with culture, and the lack of balance in sifting through a topic like yoga.
My wife has written along similar lines on the subject of aromatherapy and detected the same fallacies. Evangelical apologists dealing with cults and new age often shout "circle the wagons", and engage in guilt by association arguments, use the genetic fallacy gambit, and assume that there is a large discontinuity between one's pre-Christian life and post-conversion life so that the "pre" stuff is thrown overboard.
My wife's essay is "Jesus Among the Alternative Healers: Sacred Oils, Aromatherapists and the Gospel" in Encountering New Religious Movements, edited by Irving Hexham, Stephen Rost and John Morehead (Kregel 2004), and this book was awarded "book of the year" in missions/global affairs by Christianity Today magazine.
I have charted similar problems with countercult apologist arguments opposing astrology
"Evangelical Countercult Apologists versus Astrology: An Unresolved Conundrum" Australian Religion Studies Review 17/2 2004.
thanks Phil for real 'value added' comment and the links to articles is even better; glad to hear I'm not a lone voice on this and that other people have been writing other stuff similarly; just a pity I hadn't come across it before; so thanks: could be useful for my lecturing ...
Greetings!
As founder of PraiseMoves all I can offer are viewpoints of those far more knowledgeable than I (beyond my own jaded experiences of 22 years as a yoga student and teacher)- i.e. www.JohnAnkerberg.org - Christian apologist for example. Check it out and see if yoga is more than you think it to be. Or study the works of Paramahansa Yogananda, and Swamis Vivekananda and Vishnudevandanda and see if there is more to hatha yoga than meets the eye.
Ultimately it's between each individual and the Lord - I just share from my own experience and what I have discovered through research of the foundations and history of yoga (B.C. and present).
Lastly, consider please I Corinthians 8:4-13 and 10:23-33 and decide if there may be a correlation between Paul's admonishment to believers in Corinth and us today.
Are we our brother's keeper, or is it really "all about me?" Might a weaker or new believer begin yoga classes based on your attendance at one and become enmeshed in the New Age and metaphysics (which you probably would never do - but remember they're a younger, weaker Christian). Are we in any way responsible for that? Should we even care?
Could that be what Paul under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit means when he says not to eat the meat you've been told has been offered to idols for conscience sake - not your OWN but considering the conscience of the one telling you?
When you see the whole picture of yoga and what it represents - its whole "salvation by works" agenda of which yoga postures are just a part (see writings of Yogananda and Vishnudevananda) - you may see that it is more than a few flexibility exercises in the gym.
Engage with culture! That's vital! Our decisions are to be made out of love and wisdom, not a spirit of fear. Are yoga classes the only place to engage with culture?
Frankly, it's a stretch in the wrong direction.
Re: You mentioned Astrology - Dr. D. James Kennedy's work "The Real Meaning of the Zodiac" gives a good, balanced and scriptural explanation of the zodiac. No fear here!
God is good and His mercy endures forever. Aren't we glad? Thank you for your time... ~ Laurette
Thank you Laurette for visiting personally; I appreciate your time and effort.
I wasn't sure whether you were being sarcastic in your opening statement; it reads like maybe you were but then maybe I'm being a little sensitive .. ?
I didn't, in fact mention astrology -I personally have little time for it but I suspect I might well take what I suspect might be the line of James Kennedy which I suspect is to use the symbolism of the constellations as pointers to Christ ... ? [Similarly the major arcana in the Tarot pack.]
The mention of engaging with culture: if in fact yoga classes are where I might find people who are spiritual seekers and who I might have a chance to point in a more Christful direction, then I would like to engage them there, where I can find them. I would like to do so without being thought to be unsound, dodgy or suspect by my fellow evangelicals. I know that they are unlikely to come to something explicitly Christian or with a name like 'PraiseMoves' [sorry, it's a cultural fact of life in the UK].
I think that I actually argued that what you appear to be doing is an example of what I mean -that Yoga may not be occultic in itself and therefore detachable from the prana philosphy and the various Hindu schools [the philospohical plurality of shich is further illustration of the neutrality of the body postures in themselves. In other words I'm not disagreeing with you.
I have now read the Ankerberg stuff [well most of it] and I have to say that it doesn't deal with what I'm talking about here. I do not doubt that some people have found that yoga is a connecting node into new agery [it was for me, actually], but that is one thing. His unsubstantiated and insinuated claim that Hinduism is of a piece with the body postures [which seems to be the force of his claims] is another. I don't disagree that hatha yoga is a religious system. I do disagree that the postures are inherantly occultic -and so do you if you are using them in PraiseMoves. It is the environment that is the point and the teacher.
What I am mostly and really taking issue with is the way that the evangelical world tends to take such things. The damning by association -which strictly speaking means that your PraiseMoves are suspect because the postures and indeed the idea is inherantly occultic. That's the way that a lot of the evangelical world works. What I'm saying is that we need to be more nuanced than that rather than making blanket write-offs. Some people will find yoga is nothing but exercise, others will want to find more and may well find it. I wonder where the sovereignty of God is in this? -Just a question, a genuine question.
I'm really taking a pop at the pop evangelical penchant for guilt by association which then translates into shunning or unnecessarily suspecting innocent people of 'demonic contamination' because of it. I've seen people far more scarred and upset by that than anything that happened to them in a yoga class.
I'd like to say a bit more about John Ankerberg's sleight of hand arguments and about the weaker brother thing -which is about the strongest issue you raise. I don't think a comment reply is adequate and I hope to do a full blog entry in a day or two [or three] ...
Again thanks for visiting personally, I suspect that our concerns and perspectives are far closer than you may have read them to be.
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