in southeastern England /uː/ has developed two very distinct allophones: a truly back [uː] before tautosyllabic (or stem-final) /l/, but a fronted quality approaching [yː] in other positions. The kingly ruler, ˈruːlə, is taken as transparently bimorphemic, rule#(e)r, so retains the back uː of rule; but the measuring ruler, ˈryːlə, has lost touch with its origins and is taken as an unanalysable unit, with a corresponding clear l and fronted vowel yː.And, incidently, this is a riposte to those who reckon that 'certain people' have no grammar. Admittedly this is not knowingly done according to a morphological distinction, yet it shows very neatly that native speakers have, somewhere in their heads, a very sophisticated sense of grammar which can inform the operation of new forms of language.
John Wells’s phonetic blog: newly minimal:
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