Check it out; it/s so basic that you'll find this kind of info all over the internet.
Fractional reserve banking - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: The nature of modern banking is such that the cash reserves at the bank available to repay demand deposits need only be a fraction of the demand deposits owed to depositors. In most legal systems, a demand deposit at a bank (e.g., a checking or savings account) is considered a loan to the bank (instead of a bailment) repayable on demand, that the bank can use to finance its investments in loans and interest bearing securities. Banks make a profit based on the difference between the interest they charge on the loans they make, and the interest they pay to their depositorsIf they can't turn a decent profit without resorting to this kind of penny-pinching, they really shouldn't be looking after anyone's finances ...
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